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The purpose of this paper is to solve the capacitated location routing problem (CLRP), which is an NP-hard problem that involves making strategic decisions as well as tactical and operational decisions, using a hybrid particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm.

PSO, which is a population-based metaheuristic, is combined with a variable neighborhood strategy variable neighborhood search to solve the CLRP.

The algorithm is tested on a set of instances available in the literature and gave good quality solutions, results are compared to those obtained by other metaheuristic, evolutionary and PSO algorithms.

Local search is a time consuming phase in hybrid PSO algorithms, a set of neighborhood structures suitable for the solution representation used in the PSO algorithm is proposed in the VNS phase, moves are applied directly to particles, a clear decoding method is adopted to evaluate a particle (solution) and there is no need to re-encode solutions in the form of particles after applying local search.